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Louise d'Épinay
Louise Florence Pétronille Tardieu d'Esclavelles d'Épinay (11 March 1726 – 17 April 1783), better known as Mme d'Épinay, was a French writer, a ''saloniste'' and woman of fashion, known on account of her liaisons with Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who gives unflattering reports of her in his ''Confessions''. and her acquaintanceship with Denis Diderot, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Baron d'Holbach and other French men of letters during the Enlightenment. She was also one of many women referenced in Simone de Beauvoir's ''Second Sex'' as an example of noble expansion of women's rights during the 18th century.
==Early life==
Louise d'Épinay was born at the fortress of Valenciennes, where her father, Tardieu d'Esclavelles, a brigadier of infantry, was commanding officer; after he was killed in battle when she was nine, she was sent to Paris in the care of an aunt who was married to Louis-Denis de La Live de Bellegarde, an immensely wealthy ''fermier-général'', a collector-general of taxes; treated to the stultifying education that was a girl's lot, in 1745 she married her cousin Denis Joseph de La Live d'Épinay,〔The seigneurie of Épinay, on the Seine close to Paris, had been purchased by M. La Live de Bellegarde in 1742 (Steegmuller 1991:8).〕 who was made a ''fermier-général''.〔His brother Ange-Laurant La Live de Jully, also a ''fermier-général'', was a connoisseur and patron of the arts, who embraced the early form of neoclassicism called the ''Goût grec''.〕 The marriage was at once an unhappy one; and the prodigality, dissipation and infidelities of her husband justified her in obtaining a formal separation of assets〔Though not a physical separation, ''séparation des corps'' which would have generated scandal (Steegmuller 1991:14).〕 in May 1749. She settled in the Château of La Chevrette in the valley of Montmorency, a few miles north of Paris, and there received a number of distinguished visitors.
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